Heart Disease

What is it?

Heart disease is a broad term that includes different problems related to the heart, such as:

• Coronary Artery Disease – narrowing of the arteries because of buildup of fatty deposits, which reduces blood flow to the heart.

• Heart Valve Disease – heart valves do not open or close properly, affecting blood flow.

• Arrhythmia – heartbeat becomes too fast, too slow, or irregular.

• Heart Failure – the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

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Major Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the type of heart disease, but common signs include:

• Chest pain, pressure, or tightness

• Shortness of breath (during activity or even at rest)

• Fatigue, dizziness, or weakness

• Swelling in the feet or legs

Some people may develop heart disease without noticeable symptoms — it can be a silent condition.

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Causes & Risk Factors

Factors that increase the risk of heart disease:

• High blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes

• Smoking, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet

• Aging and family history of heart disease

• Stress, anxiety, and poor sleep patterns

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Diagnosis

Doctors may use:

• Physical examination and medical history

• ECG/EKG (checks heart rhythm)

• Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart)

• Blood tests (cholesterol, diabetes check)

• CT scan or MRI in some cases

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Treatment & Care

The treatment depends on the type and severity of disease:

• Lifestyle changes: heart-healthy diet (low salt & low saturated fats), regular exercise, quitting smoking, weight control

• Medications: to lower blood pressure and cholesterol, thin the blood, or control heartbeat

• Procedures & surgery: angioplasty/stents for blocked arteries, valve repair or replacement, pacemaker implants

• Rehabilitation programs: to help recovery and prevent repeat heart problems

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Prevention Tips

• Maintain a healthy weight

• 30–60 minutes of physical activity daily (even short sessions help)

• Avoid smoking and harmful substances

• Reduce salt and fatty foods

• Monitor blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes regularly

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Summary

Heart disease can be serious, but with timely diagnosis and proper treatment, life can become healthier and more stable. If someone experiences chest pain, breathing difficulty, fatigue, or swelling in the legs — they should visit a doctor immediately.

Note: This is general information. Always consult a cardiologist or healthcare professional for personal medical advice.